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                 The "bronze" era (1981) 
                A brief introduction... 
                  Hi, nice to see you again... OK I know,there's a monitor screen between you and I, but it's nice to see you again because if
                  you are on the other side of the web site, it means you're a retroarcader and you're reading Zzap!Raine. Well I'm not crazy,
                  but I have a tons of things to do (working mainly) and I ran the risk to discontinue this Milestones issue for a long time.
                  Despite the success of the arcade phenomenon, the year 1981 doesn't especially shine with regards to videogame productions.
                  However, a few really glorious titles were released. So, let's start our little journey back in 1981. Enjoy! 
                Redhot 
                - 1981 (the "bronze" era) - 
                Star wars was the main theme in 1981, so we notice a wide production of shoot'em up videogames. There's
                  also been the evolution of the Puck Man concept with lots of maze-based games. But within the huge variety of starship
                  battles and labyrinth experiences, two new games were designed to become milestones in Arcade History... 
                  
                
                  
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                       Donkey Kong 
                        1981 - Nintendo - Platform - Raster 
                        What can I say about this game? Nothing I guess... One of the most famous titles of videogames history. Nintendo's most
                        famous hero, Mario, first appears in this videogame. The concept was actually developed by Falcon but Nintendo took
                        the game mode once more. Our hero has to save his kidnapped girlfriend by a gorilla and has to cross many filled
                        platforms with falling barrels. The game has then become one of Nintendo's masterpieces and was then cloned hundreds
                        times with various names. It's still one of the most famous videogames: most of retroplayers all around the world
                        recollect of it because of its features, gameplay and lasting playability. A real milestone. 
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                       Frogger 
                        1981 - Konami - Misc. - Raster 
                        A great videogame from Konami. The concept is really simple: you move a frog and try to let it cross a road and then a
                        river... Simple? Not at all! Having a good time synch and, above all, reflex coupons are necessary. The game has
                        become a big classic in his simplicity, because of it being ported on platforms such various as computers and
                        handhelds, and still holds the comparison with the time with a renewed version in 3D format. A classical one in every
                        point of view - extremely entertaining.
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                       Gorf 
                        1981 - Midway - Shooting - Raster 
                        This is a peculiar kind of shoot' em up. I remember it in a special way, because it's been the first game I've ever
                        played on Commodore VIC-20... Its arcade version was foreseeing a multi-stage structure, the first being a kind of
                        "Space invaders", the following four (with some recall to Galaga?) being a battle facing the enemy
                        mothership. A few nice display effects (the core of the mother ship, for example) besides a good playability deserve
                        to be mentioned.
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                       Jump Bug 
                        1981 - Rock Ola - Misc. - Raster 
                        Nice concept, this one. You drive a jumping car and your target is to collect as many dollars bags as you can. Every
                        sack has its own value and it's obviously better to recover the most valuable ones. The game hasn't been certainly
                        become famous because its graphics or loud, but its concept has been taken again later in few videogames which
                        exploited the idea. Quite funny.
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                       Kick 
                        1981 - Midway - Misc. - Raster 
                        Another odd concept... Your target is to bang lots of balloons dropping from the top of the screen (the sky). The hard
                        part of the game is in that you operate a clown on a monocycle, and his movements are rather slow. If it was not such
                        frustrating, this would have been one of the best titles of 1981. However, the game is fun once you get practised.
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                       Lady Bug 
                        1981 - Universal - Maze - Raster 
                        A son of Puck Man... well a daughter actually! You operate a trapped ladybug in a maze and try to collect all the
                        scattered dots around. There are obviously lots of other insects trying to make your bug their dinner, so you'd better
                        always think what you're about to do. There's a little enhancement since Puck Man: some walls can rotate, changing the
                        maze's paths. Another classic feature are all those bonuses: score multipliers, characters, specials, etc. Quite fun,
                        give it a try...
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                       Mahjong 
                        1981 - Taito - Misc. - Raster 
                        Uhm... This is probably the first "mahjong" game on Earth. Game is really odd and you'd better search the
                        web for instructions in case you have no idea about game rules! It's basically a sort of domino game and your target
                        is to build series of card kinds. Don't ask me more because I hate mahjong and I never learnt how to play it... You
                        know... you can be an arcade lover as I but it's almost impossible you love every kind of games. ;-) I say it's a
                        milestone because it's the father of an enormous number of mahjong-style games released in late 90's, so this is the
                        begin of everything. Anyway, if you're a real mahjong fan, don't miss this one!
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                       New Rally-X 
                        1981 - Namco - Maze - Raster 
                        This was one of my favourite games. You drive a car in maze and you must collect all the flags on the screen in order
                        to complete stages. There's a little radar helping you understandwhere the flags are. There are opponent cars too,
                        making living all but easy. When you're in trouble and are chased by enemies cars, you can release smoke to confuse
                        them for a while. This game has a nice concept, which was then reprised in lots of games. Try it.  | 
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                       Omega Race 
                        1981 - Midway - Shooting - Vector 
                        Another great vectorial game, a sort of opponent to Atari's Asteroids. Game concept is quite similar: you operate a
                        starship in a battle against enemy ships. Your ship moves in a strange way: after accelerating, it's subject to
                        intertial force so it becomes quite hard to maneuver it. Also, enemies sometimes go crazy and begin to randomly
                        move around the screen. I think this game has a really hooking vectorial graphics (one of the most beautiful chapters
                        in arcade history). It was the only vector game made by Midway, and has a really high gameplay. I'm sure that once you
                        try it you can't stop playing.
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                       Qix 
                        1981 - Taito - Misc. - Raster 
                        This game has a really original concept. But there's also something coming from maze games. You move a little... er...
                        a little... I don't know, I guess it's a ship... but it has a square shape so, let's say you move a "square"
                        within a screen, leaving a trace behind it. Your mission is to enclose portions of the screen with the trace, and fill
                        at least the 75% of the screen. Enemies chase your square by moving on the trace you created. This game gave birth to a
                        big vein in arcade history, especially in the late 80's and early 90's. There's a little issue you have to know: you
                        cannot beat the computer... and there's no price for winners! Try it.
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                       Robby Roto 
                        1981 - Midway - Maze - Raster 
                        Another great concept: you move a miner trying to rescue his pals from the underground, being hunted by spiders. Each
                        time you find a companion, you have to take him outside avoiding the spider's paths. This game is really fun and
                        gameplay is terrific. I believe everyone should have this game in their own collection.  | 
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                       Turbo 
                      1981 - Sega - Race - Raster 
                        Sega's long career starts here... It will then lead the software house to masterpieces like Out Run. This game
                        represents a new way to drive a car inside of a colourful scenario. Well, I know... the car's movement is quite
                        unreal, but those scrolling red stripes reproducing the road will then become a common feature of all driving games of
                        the following decade. You race against time, trying to pass as many cars as possible. Scenarios change repeatedly and
                        there are also perspective changes due to hills and turns. A great racing arcade.  | 
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